figlib_u4_tables samples — every landed usage + edge cases

{
 "kind": "u4table",
 "caption": "Two families of physical change",
 "cols": [
  "Family",
  "One example",
  "What changes",
  "What stays the same"
 ],
 "rows": [
  [
   "Phase change",
   "Ice melts into liquid water",
   "The state",
   "The composition of the water"
  ],
  [
   "Making or separating a mixture",
   "Sodium chloride stirred into water",
   "Where the substances are",
   "The composition of each substance"
  ]
 ],
 "alt": "Table comparing the two families of physical change: phase changes change the state; making or separating a mixture changes where the substances are; in both, every substance's composition stays the same."
}

{
 "kind": "u4table",
 "caption": "Four types of observation",
 "cols": [
  "Type",
  "One example"
 ],
 "rows": [
  [
   "Heat or light released",
   "A hand warmer's pouch grows hot"
  ],
  [
   "Gas formation",
   "Bubbles stream from a tablet in water"
  ],
  [
   "Precipitate formation",
   "A yellow solid sinks when two clear solutions mix"
  ],
  [
   "Color change",
   "A clear mixture turns deep orange"
  ]
 ],
 "alt": "Table of the four types of observation that can signal a chemical change — heat or light, gas formation, precipitate formation, color change — each with one concrete example."
}

{
 "kind": "u4table",
 "caption": "Each observation, two ways",
 "cols": [
  "Observation",
  "A chemical case",
  "A physical look-alike"
 ],
 "rows": [
  [
   "Gas forms",
   "A tablet fizzes in water",
   "Water boils into vapor"
  ],
  [
   "Heat released",
   "A hand warmer's powder changes",
   "Steam condenses on a window"
  ],
  [
   "Color change",
   "An apple slice browns in air",
   "Yellow paint mixes into blue paint"
  ],
  [
   "Solid appears",
   "A yellow solid forms from two solutions",
   "Ice forms in freezing water"
  ]
 ],
 "alt": "Table pairing each of the four observation types with one chemical case and one physical look-alike, in identical frames."
}

{
 "kind": "u4table",
 "caption": "Two energy accounts",
 "cols": [
  "",
  "A chemical change",
  "A physical change"
 ],
 "rows": [
  [
   "What breaks",
   "Bonds inside the particles",
   "Attractions between the particles"
  ],
  [
   "What forms",
   "New bonds inside new substances",
   "Attractions between the same particles"
  ],
  [
   "Energy released when",
   "New, stronger bonds form",
   "Attractions between particles form"
  ],
  [
   "Energy needed when",
   "Bonds are broken",
   "Attractions are overcome"
  ],
  [
   "One example",
   "Magnesium burns: heat and light",
   "Steam condenses: heat released"
  ]
 ],
 "alt": "Table comparing the energy account of a chemical change and a physical change in identical frames: what breaks, what forms, when energy is released, when energy is needed, one example each."
}

{
 "kind": "u4table",
 "caption": "The four state symbols",
 "cols": [
  "Symbol",
  "Meaning",
  "One example"
 ],
 "rows": [
  [
   "(s)",
   "solid",
   "NaCl(s) — dry solid sodium chloride"
  ],
  [
   "(l)",
   "liquid",
   "H₂O(l) — liquid water"
  ],
  [
   "(g)",
   "gas",
   "O₂(g) — oxygen gas"
  ],
  [
   "(aq)",
   "aqueous: dissolved in water",
   "NaCl(aq) — sodium chloride dissolved in water"
  ]
 ],
 "alt": "Table of the four state symbols: (s) solid, (l) liquid, (g) gas, (aq) aqueous meaning dissolved in water, each with one example formula."
}

{
 "kind": "u4table",
 "caption": "The atom-count ledger",
 "cols": [
  "Equation",
  "Element",
  "Left",
  "Right",
  "Verdict"
 ],
 "rows": [
  [
   "C(s) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g)",
   "C",
   "1",
   "1",
   ""
  ],
  [
   "",
   "O",
   "2",
   "2",
   "balanced"
  ],
  [
   "H₂(g) + O₂(g) → H₂O(l)",
   "H",
   "2",
   "2",
   ""
  ],
  [
   "",
   "O",
   "2",
   "1",
   "unbalanced"
  ]
 ],
 "alt": "Atom-count ledger for two equations in identical frames. C plus O₂ makes CO₂: carbon one and one, oxygen two and two — balanced. H₂ plus O₂ makes H₂O: hydrogen two and two, oxygen two and one — unbalanced."
}

{
 "kind": "u4table",
 "caption": "Two possible repairs",
 "cols": [
  "The move",
  "What stays",
  "What changes"
 ],
 "rows": [
  [
   "Change a coefficient: H₂O → 2H₂O",
   "The substance: still water",
   "The amount: two molecules"
  ],
  [
   "Change a subscript: H₂O → H₂O₂",
   "The amount: one molecule",
   "The substance: now hydrogen peroxide"
  ]
 ],
 "alt": "Table comparing the two moves in identical frames: changing a coefficient keeps the substance and changes the amount; changing a subscript keeps the amount and changes the substance."
}

{
 "kind": "u4table",
 "caption": "The ledger after each step",
 "cols": [
  "Step",
  "Equation so far",
  "C",
  "H",
  "O"
 ],
 "rows": [
  [
   "Start",
   "C₂H₆ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O",
   "2 | 1",
   "6 | 2",
   "2 | 3"
  ],
  [
   "Carbon",
   "C₂H₆ + O₂ → 2CO₂ + H₂O",
   "2 | 2",
   "6 | 2",
   "2 | 5"
  ],
  [
   "Hydrogen",
   "C₂H₆ + O₂ → 2CO₂ + 3H₂O",
   "2 | 2",
   "6 | 6",
   "2 | 7"
  ],
  [
   "Oxygen, then double",
   "2C₂H₆ + 7O₂ → 4CO₂ + 6H₂O",
   "4 | 4",
   "12 | 12",
   "14 | 14"
  ]
 ],
 "alt": "Atom-count ledger updated after each balancing step for the ethane equation. Left and right counts for carbon, hydrogen and oxygen at each step; the final row shows every element matched at 4 and 4, 12 and 12, 14 and 14."
}

{
 "kind": "datatable",
 "caption": "Three forms of one reaction",
 "cols": [
  "Form",
  "The silver chloride reaction in that form",
  "What the form shows"
 ],
 "rows": [
  [
   "Molecular",
   "AgNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO₃(aq)",
   "every compound as an intact formula"
  ],
  [
   "Complete ionic",
   "Ag⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq) + Na⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) → AgCl(s) + Na⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq)",
   "every dissolved compound as its separate ions"
  ],
  [
   "Net ionic",
   "Ag⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) → AgCl(s)",
   "only the species that change"
  ]
 ],
 "alt": "A table with three rows. Molecular form: AgNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO₃(aq), showing every compound as an intact formula. Complete ionic form: Ag⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq) + Na⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) → AgCl(s) + Na⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq), showing every dissolved compound as its separate ions. Net ionic form: Ag⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) → AgCl(s), showing only the species that change."
}

{
 "kind": "eqstack",
 "lines": [
  {
   "eq": "2Na⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq) + Mg²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq) → MgCO₃(s) + 2Na⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)",
   "label": "complete ionic"
  }
 ],
 "alt": "The complete ionic equation: 2Na⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq) + Mg²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq) → MgCO₃(s) + 2Na⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq), labeled complete ionic."
}

{
 "kind": "eqstack",
 "lines": [
  {
   "eq": "Ag⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq) + Na⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) → AgCl(s) + Na⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq)",
   "label": "complete ionic",
   "strike": [
    "NO₃⁻(aq)",
    "Na⁺(aq)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "eq": "Ag⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) → AgCl(s)",
   "label": "net ionic"
  }
 ],
 "alt": "Two equation lines. The line labeled complete ionic reads Ag⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq) + Na⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) → AgCl(s) + Na⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq), with every Na⁺(aq) and NO₃⁻(aq) struck through. The line labeled net ionic reads Ag⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) → AgCl(s)."
}

{
 "kind": "eqstack",
 "lines": [
  {
   "eq": "Zn²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) + 2Na⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq) → ZnS(s) + 2Na⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq)",
   "label": "complete ionic"
  },
  {
   "eq": "Zn²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq) → ZnS(s)",
   "label": "net ionic"
  }
 ],
 "alt": "Two equation lines. The line labeled complete ionic reads Zn²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) + 2Na⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq) → ZnS(s) + 2Na⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq). The line labeled net ionic reads Zn²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq) → ZnS(s)."
}

{
 "kind": "eqstack",
 "lines": [
  {
   "eq": "FeCl₃(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) → Fe(OH)₃(s) + 3NaCl(aq)",
   "label": "molecular"
  },
  {
   "eq": "Fe³⁺(aq) + 3OH⁻(aq) → Fe(OH)₃(s)",
   "label": "net ionic"
  }
 ],
 "alt": "Two equation lines. The line labeled molecular reads FeCl₃(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) → Fe(OH)₃(s) + 3NaCl(aq). The line labeled net ionic reads Fe³⁺(aq) + 3OH⁻(aq) → Fe(OH)₃(s)."
}

{
 "kind": "eqstack",
 "lines": [
  {
   "eq": "2H₂O₂(l) → 2H₂O(l) + O₂(g)"
  }
 ],
 "alt": "The equation 2H₂O₂(l) → 2H₂O(l) + O₂(g)."
}

{
 "kind": "datatable",
 "caption": "Mole ratios in 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O",
 "cols": [
  "Pair of species",
  "Mole ratio"
 ],
 "rows": [
  [
   "H₂ and O₂",
   "2 mol of H₂ to 1 mol of O₂"
  ],
  [
   "H₂ and H₂O",
   "2 mol of H₂ to 2 mol of H₂O"
  ],
  [
   "O₂ and H₂O",
   "1 mol of O₂ to 2 mol of H₂O"
  ]
 ],
 "alt": "A table of the three pairings in 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O: H₂ and O₂ pair at 2 mol to 1 mol; H₂ and H₂O pair at 2 mol to 2 mol; O₂ and H₂O pair at 1 mol to 2 mol."
}

{
 "kind": "datatable",
 "caption": "CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O at three scales",
 "cols": [
  "Methane burned",
  "Oxygen consumed",
  "Carbon dioxide formed"
 ],
 "rows": [
  [
   "1 mol",
   "2 mol",
   "1 mol"
  ],
  [
   "2 mol",
   "4 mol",
   "2 mol"
  ],
  [
   "½ mol",
   "1 mol",
   "½ mol"
  ]
 ],
 "alt": "A table of the methane burning at three scales. Burning 1 mol of methane consumes 2 mol of oxygen and forms 1 mol of carbon dioxide. Burning 2 mol consumes 4 mol and forms 2 mol. Burning half a mole consumes 1 mol and forms half a mole."
}

{
 "kind": "casetable",
 "caption": "The same test on three cases",
 "cols": [
  "",
  "HCl + NH₃",
  "HCl + NaOH",
  "AgNO₃ + NaCl"
 ],
 "rows": [
  [
   "Does a proton move?",
   "yes",
   "yes",
   "no"
  ]
 ],
 "verdict": {
  "label": "Acid-base?",
  "marks": [
   "tick",
   "tick",
   "cross"
  ]
 },
 "alt": "Three cases judged in identical frames. In HCl plus NH₃ and in HCl plus NaOH a proton moves, so both are acid-base reactions. In AgNO₃ plus NaCl no proton moves, so it is not."
}

{
 "kind": "casetable",
 "caption": "Two halves of one event",
 "cols": [
  "",
  "The copper atoms",
  "The silver ions"
 ],
 "rows": [
  [
   "Electrons lost or gained?",
   "Lose two",
   "Gain one"
  ],
  [
   "What each becomes",
   "Cu²⁺ in solution",
   "Ag atom on the wire"
  ],
  [
   "The name",
   "Oxidation",
   "Reduction"
  ]
 ],
 "alt": "Table with the two halves side by side in identical frames: the copper atoms lose two electrons each and become Cu²⁺ in solution, named oxidation; the silver ions gain one electron each and become Ag atoms on the wire, named reduction."
}

{
 "kind": "casetable",
 "caption": "Two burns, judged in identical frames",
 "cols": [
  "",
  "CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O",
  "2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO"
 ],
 "rows": [
  [
   "Reacts rapidly with O₂?",
   "yes",
   "yes"
  ],
  [
   "Oxidation numbers change?",
   "C −4 to +4, O 0 to −2",
   "Mg 0 to +2, O 0 to −2"
  ]
 ],
 "verdict": {
  "label": "Combustion AND redox",
  "marks": [
   "tick",
   "tick"
  ]
 },
 "alt": "The methane burn and the magnesium burn judged in identical frames: both react rapidly with O₂ and both change oxidation numbers, so both are combustion and redox at once."
}

{
 "kind": "comparetable",
 "caption": "Required against available",
 "cols": [
  "O₂ the reaction requires",
  "O₂ available"
 ],
 "rows": [
  [
   "1.5 mol (from 3.0 mol H₂ × the 1:2 mole ratio)",
   "2.0 mol"
  ]
 ],
 "verdict": "Available > required, so H₂ runs out first",
 "alt": "Two-column comparison in identical frames: the reaction requires 1.5 mol of O₂, and 2.0 mol is available. Available exceeds required, so H₂ runs out first."
}

{
 "kind": "comparetable",
 "caption": "Endpoint against equivalence point",
 "cols": [
  "",
  "Endpoint",
  "Equivalence point"
 ],
 "rows": [
  [
   "What defines it",
   "The indicator's observable color change",
   "The moles of titrant matching the analyte in the mole ratio"
  ],
  [
   "What a chemist observes",
   "A color change in the flask",
   "Nothing — the moment is invisible"
  ],
  [
   "Role in the calculation",
   "Its measured volume stands in",
   "The moment the calculation assumes"
  ]
 ],
 "alt": "Two-column comparison in identical frames of the endpoint and the equivalence point: what defines each, what a chemist observes, and the role each plays in the calculation."
}

{
 "kind": "eqstack",
 "lines": [
  {
   "eq": "HNO₂(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + NO₂⁻(aq)",
   "note": "partial, so the double arrow"
  }
 ],
 "alt": "The equation HNO₂(aq) + H₂O(l) in equilibrium with H₃O⁺(aq) + NO₂⁻(aq), with a small caption under the double arrow reading: partial, so the double arrow."
}

{
 "kind": "eqstack",
 "lines": [
  {
   "eq": "Mg(s) → Mg²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻",
   "label": "oxidation"
  },
  {
   "eq": "Sn²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → Sn(s)",
   "label": "reduction"
  }
 ],
 "alt": "Two half-reactions. The oxidation half: Mg(s) → Mg²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻. The reduction half: Sn²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → Sn(s)."
}

{
 "kind": "eqstack",
 "lines": [
  {
   "eq": "Ni(s) → Ni²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻",
   "label": "oxidation"
  },
  {
   "eq": "Ag⁺(aq) + e⁻ → Ag(s), taken twice: 2Ag⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → 2Ag(s)",
   "label": "reduction"
  },
  {
   "eq": "Ni(s) + 2Ag⁺(aq) → Ni²⁺(aq) + 2Ag(s)",
   "label": "overall"
  }
 ],
 "alt": "Three lines. Oxidation: Ni(s) → Ni²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻. Reduction: Ag⁺(aq) + e⁻ → Ag(s), taken twice: 2Ag⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → 2Ag(s). Overall: Ni(s) + 2Ag⁺(aq) → Ni²⁺(aq) + 2Ag(s)."
}

{
 "kind": "eqstack",
 "lines": [
  {
   "eq": "Ag⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq) + Na⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) → AgCl(s) + Na⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq)",
   "label": "complete ionic",
   "strike": [
    "NO₃⁻(aq)",
    "Na⁺(aq)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "eq": "Ag⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) → AgCl(s)",
   "label": "net ionic"
  }
 ],
 "caption": "Spectator cancellation with the strike marks drawn",
 "alt": "Stress sample repeating the S05 cancellation figure with a caption."
}

{
 "kind": "eqstack",
 "lines": [
  {
   "eq": "3Ba²⁺(aq) + 6ClO₄⁻(aq) + 6Na⁺(aq) + 2PO₄³⁻(aq) → Ba₃(PO₄)₂(s) + 6Na⁺(aq) + 6ClO₄⁻(aq)",
   "label": "complete ionic",
   "strike": [
    "6Na⁺(aq)",
    "6ClO₄⁻(aq)"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "alt": "Stress sample: a long complete ionic equation for barium phosphate precipitation, wrapped over several rows with the spectators struck."
}